IP telephony (Internet Protocol telephony) is a general term for the technologies that use the Internet Protocol’s packet-switched connections to exchange voice, fax, and other forms of information that have traditionally been carried over the dedicated circuit-switched connections of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Using the Internet, calls travel as packets of data on shared lines, avoiding the tolls of the PSTN. The challenge in IP telephony is to deliver the voice, fax, or video packets in a dependable flow to the user. Much of IP telephony focuses on that challenge. Read rest of review…

Oracle were one of the latest powerful database and application software. In this chapter we want to discuss about oracle technology network, here you will be able to explore everything that you want to know about, that too, in a convenient and efficient way. This online guide will provide you complete information on oracle technology network, oracle technical network, oracle new features, oracle enterprise manager, oracle pl sql and much more. Go ahead explore the journey to the center of the Oracle Technology Network and database. Read rest of review…

About ten years ago, the only way to connect ourselves to internet was using a dial-up connection which had lots of limitations. To begin with, dial-up was not reliable, slow, and often tends to disconnect on the slightest interruption on the line. So, based on today’s standards, the dialup will be disregarded by many users for the above mentioned reasons.
Soon, the invention of splitters and filters paved the way for broadband, the always ‘on’ internet connection. In simple language, broadband refers to a wide range of technologies that offer reliable, high speed internet access. Read rest of review…

Social network analysis [SNA] is the mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, computers, URLs, and other connected information/knowledge entities. The nodes in the network are the people and groups while the links show relationships or flows between the nodes. SNA provides both a visual and a mathematical analysis of human relationships. Management consultants use this methodology with their business clients and call it Organizational Network Analysis [ONA]. Read rest of review…

Dynamic network analysis (DNA) varies from traditional social network analysis in that it can handle large dynamic multi-mode, multi-link networks with varying levels of uncertainty. DNA, like quantum mechanics, is a theory in which relations are probabilistic, acts of measurement change the network, movement in one part of a network propagates throughout the entire system, and so on. However, unlike quantum mechanical atoms, DNA nodes can learn. The Dynamic Network Analysis Section focuses on advancing our understanding of social networks through DNA. The section will organize meetings, newsletters, websites, mailing lists and/or special journal issues to achieve its objectives, including the fostering of rich dialog among DNA researchers. Read rest of review…

Internetworking Protocols
Most of the network protocols currently in use have changed little since the early definitions of the ARPA research and education network when trust was the norm. To have a secure foundation for the critical Internet applications of the future, severe weaknesses must be addressed: lack of encryption to preserve privacy, lack of cryptographic authentication to identify the source of information, and lack of cryptographic checksums to preserve the integrity of data (and the integrity of the packet routing information itself). New internetworking protocols are under development which use cryptography to authenticate the originator of a packet and to protect the integrity and confidentiality of data. Read rest of review…

A vulnerability is a weakness that a person can exploit to accomplish something that is not authorized or intended as legitimate use of a network or system. When a vulnerability is exploited to compromise the security of systems or information on those systems, the result is a security incident. Vulnerabilities may be caused by engineering or design errors, or faulty implementation. Read rest of review…

Intruders’ Technical Knowledge
Intruders are demonstrating increased understanding of network topology, operations, and protocols, resulting in the infrastructure attacks described in the previous section on Internet infrastructure attacks.
Instead of simply exploiting well-known vulnerabilities, intruders examine source code to discover weaknesses in certain programs, such as those used for electronic mail. Much source code is easy to obtain from programmers who make their work freely available on the Internet. Read rest of review…

A network security incident is any network-related activity with negative security implications. This usually means that the activity violates an explicit or implicit security policy (see the section on security policy). Incidents come in all shapes and sizes. They can come from anywhere on the Internet, although some attacks must be launched from specific systems or networks and some require access to special accounts. An intrusion may be a comparatively minor event involving a single site or a major event in which tens of thousands of sites are compromised. (When reading accounts of incidents, note that different groups may use different criteria for determining the bounds of an incident.) Read rest of review…

Overview of Internet Security
As of 1996, the Internet connected an estimated 13 million computers in 195 countries on every continent, even Antarctica (1). The Internet is not a single network, but a worldwide collection of loosely connected networks that are accessible by individual computer hosts in a variety of ways, including gateways, routers, dial-up connections, and Internet service providers. The Internet is easily accessible to anyone with a computer and a network connection. Individuals and organizations worldwide can reach any point on the network without regard to national or geographic boundaries or time of day. Read rest of review…